Summary
This report examines the persistent social norms affecting women’s economic roles in Indonesia and their implications on labor force participation. Key findings suggest that despite educational advancements and economic changes, traditional gender roles continue to restrict women’s economic opportunities, with family responsibilities and societal expectations limiting their workforce involvement. Notably, the study explores how these norms influence young adults’ employment choices, particularly in urban regions like Greater Jakarta and Greater Surabaya. It also assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated challenges but also prompted shifts in gender roles, with more women entering the labor market due to economic pressures. This shifting landscape underscores the need for policies that support women’s economic involvement, challenge prevailing norms, and promote gender equality in the workplace.
Highlights
- Women’s labour force participation in Indonesia remains low due to deep-seated gender norms emphasising traditional roles at home.
- Educational achievements have not significantly altered expectations for women’s economic roles, showing a gap between education and employment opportunities.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has both highlighted and intensified the challenges women face, with an increase in unpaid care duties and a shift in some gender roles due to economic strain.
- Urban millennials exhibit a slight shift towards more progressive views on gender roles, influenced by education and changing societal expectations.
- Policies supporting flexible work arrangements and gender equality in the workplace are recommended to enhance women’s economic participation.
